Capteurs photoélectriques
Banner offre la gamme de capteurs photoélectriques la plus complète au monde et fournit des capteurs à pratiquement toutes les entreprises de fabrication classées au Fortune 500.
When the light beam emitted by a photoelectric sensor is interrupted or reflected by the object, the change in light patterns is measured by a receiver and the target object or surface is recognized. Photoelectric sensors are very common in industrial manufacturing fields such as material handling, packaging, food and beverage, medical, and many others.
Depending on the style selected, they can be used with or without a reflector, be self-contained, long-range, heavy-duty, or compact. There are many different housing and mounting options to offer a correct fit that meets the demands of each application. They perform a wide variety of tasks and some of them can even be used in harsh environments.
Les capteurs photoélectriques, également appelés photocellules, émettent un faisceau lumineux qui permet de détecter la présence ou l'absence d'objets ou d'équipements, ainsi que toute modification des conditions d'une surface. Lorsque le faisceau émis est interrompu ou réfléchi par un objet, la modification des caractéristiques lumineuses est mesurée par un récepteur, de telle sorte que l'objet ou la surface cible est reconnu. L'usage de capteurs photoélectriques est très répandu dans les secteurs de la fabrication industrielle tels que la manutention, le conditionnement, les aliments et les boissons, le domaine médical et bien d'autres encore.
Ils sont disponibles dans de nombreuses configurations différentes : avec ou sans réflecteur, autonomes, à longue portée, renforcés ou encore compacts. Il existe en outre de nombreuses options de boîtiers et d'accessoires de montage permettant de répondre de façon optimale aux exigences de chaque application. Les capteurs photoélectriques effectuent une grande variété de tâches et certains sont adaptés à des environnements difficiles.
Series Image | Series Name | Opposed Range (m) | Non-polarized Retroreflective Range (m) | Polarized Retroreflective Range (m) | Laser Polarized Retroreflective Range (m) | Diffuse Range (mm) | Fixed-Field Range (mm) | Adjustable-Field Range (mm) | Type of Emitter | Housing Material | IP Rating | Response Time (μs) | Operating Temperature | IO-Link | Clear Object Detection |
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Series Image | Series Name QS18 | Opposed Range (m) 20 | Non-polarized Retroreflective Range (m) 6.5 | Polarized Retroreflective Range (m) 3.5 | Laser Polarized Retroreflective Range (m) 10 | Diffuse Range (mm) 600 | Fixed-Field Range (mm) 200 | Adjustable-Field Range (mm) 350 | Type of Emitter LED and Laser | Housing Material Plastic | IP Rating IP67 | Response Time (μs) 600–800 | Operating Temperature -20 to +70 °C | IO-Link ✅ YES | Clear Object Detection ✅ YES |
Series Image | Series Name Q20 | Opposed Range (m) 20 | Non-polarized Retroreflective Range (m) 6 | Polarized Retroreflective Range (m) 4 | Laser Polarized Retroreflective Range (m) — | Diffuse Range (mm) 1500 | Fixed-Field Range (mm) 150 | Adjustable-Field Range (mm) 400 | Type of Emitter LED | Housing Material Plastic | IP Rating IP67 | Response Time (μs) 850–1000 | Operating Temperature -20 to +60 °C | IO-Link ✅ YES | Clear Object Detection 🚫 NO |
Series Image | Series Name QS30 | Opposed Range (m) 60 | Non-polarized Retroreflective Range (m) 12 | Polarized Retroreflective Range (m) 8 | Laser Polarized Retroreflective Range (m) 18 | Diffuse Range (mm) 1400 | Fixed-Field Range (mm) 600 | Adjustable-Field Range (mm) 600 | Type of Emitter LED and Laser | Housing Material Plastic | IP Rating IP67 | Response Time (μs) 2000–5000 | Operating Temperature -20 to +70 °C | IO-Link 🚫 NO | Clear Object Detection ✅ YES |
Series Image | Series Name T18-2 | Opposed Range (m) 25 | Non-polarized Retroreflective Range (m) — | Polarized Retroreflective Range (m) 6 | Laser Polarized Retroreflective Range (m) — | Diffuse Range (mm) 750 | Fixed-Field Range (mm) 200 | Adjustable-Field Range (mm) — | Type of Emitter LED | Housing Material Plastic | IP Rating IP67, IP68, IP69K | Response Time (μs) 1500–2000 | Operating Temperature -40 to +70 °C | IO-Link 🚫 NO | Clear Object Detection 🚫 NO |
Series Image | Series Name Q3X | Opposed Range (m) — | Non-polarized Retroreflective Range (m) — | Polarized Retroreflective Range (m) — | Laser Polarized Retroreflective Range (m) — | Diffuse Range (mm) 300 | Fixed-Field Range (mm) 200 | Adjustable-Field Range (mm) — | Type of Emitter Laser | Housing Material Metal | IP Rating IP67, IP68, IP69K | Response Time (μs) 250 | Operating Temperature -10 to +50 °C | IO-Link 🚫 NO | Clear Object Detection 🚫 NO |
Series Image | Series Name Q2X | Opposed Range (m) 3 | Non-polarized Retroreflective Range (m) — | Polarized Retroreflective Range (m) 3.3 | Laser Polarized Retroreflective Range (m) — | Diffuse Range (mm) — | Fixed-Field Range (mm) 50 | Adjustable-Field Range (mm) 3000 | Type of Emitter LED and Laser | Housing Material Plastic | IP Rating IP67 | Response Time (μs) 600–100,000 | Operating Temperature -25 to +50 °C | IO-Link ✅ YES | Clear Object Detection ✅ YES |
Photoelectric sensors can detect the presence or absence of objects or changes in surface conditions of a target. They emit a beam of light that is detected by a receiving element. When an object interrupts or reflects the emitted light, an output switches, sending an electronic signal. Most target materials can be detected including those that are shiny, dark, clear, or multicolored. Photoelectric sensors are very common in industrial manufacturing fields such as material handling, packaging, food and beverage, medical, and many others.
Photoelectric sensors can be long range, heavy duty, and compact, and they are available in various detection ranges. Some require separate emitters and receivers, others include both an emitter and a receiver in one housing (with or without a reflector), and some sensors are capable of differentiating targets from backgrounds. These various detection methods are known as sensing modes. There are many different housing and mounting options to offer a correct fit that meets the demands of each application. They perform a wide variety of tasks, can have a very fast response, and some can even be used in harsh environments.
Different applications require different approaches to sensing. To satisfy these diverse application needs, Banner offers multiple sensing modes including opposed, retroreflective, diffuse, and background suppression. The range at which detection occurs, the physical composition of the object being detected, and the environment in which the sensors operate can all affect the sensing mode choice.
Opposed Mode
In opposed-mode sensing, the sensor's emitter and receiver are housed in two separate units. The emitter is placed opposite the receiver, so that the light beam goes directly from the emitter to the receiver. An object is detected when it "breaks" or interrupts the working part of the light beam, known as the effective beam. Depending on the application, opposed mode sensing provides the highest reliability whenever it can be implemented. This is because light passes directly from the emitter to the receiver. Then, when an object breaks the beam, the output will switch.
- Opposed-mode sensing offers the highest level of excess gain (sensing energy)
- Long sensing range
- Most robust for harsh environments
- Precise position sensing
- Small-part detection using lens apertures
- Impervious to surface reflectivity (the color or finish of the object)
Retroreflective Mode
A retroreflective sensor contains both the emitter and receiver elements in the same housing. It uses a reflector to bounce the emitted light back to the receiver. Similar to an opposed-mode sensor, it senses objects when they interrupt or "break" the effective beam. Because retroreflective sensing is a beam-break mode, it is generally not dependent upon the reflectivity of the object to be detected.
However, it can be tricked by shiny objects. For those targets, a polarized retroreflective sensor should be used to prevent proxing. Proxing is when an object with a shiny surface returns enough light to the sensor to mimic the photoelectric beam coming back from the reflector and causes the object to not be detected. In a polarized retroreflective sensor, the emitter sends light waves through a filter that aligns them on the same plane. These light waves bounce off the reflector, and return to a vertically polarized filter on the receiver. When this polarized light reaches a shiny target, the light is reflected back to the sensor on the same plane as it was emitted and is blocked by the filter, signaling a broken beam. When the polarized light hits the reflector, however, it is scattered into unpolarized light with light waves on both the horizontal and vertical planes. Some of this light will pass through the receiver’s filter and the sensor will detect the reflector and know the beam is unbroken.
A retroreflective-mode sensor offers a convenient alternative to opposed mode when space is limited, or if electrical connections are only possible one side of the installation. Retroreflective-mode sensors offer relatively long ranges.
- Second-highest excess gain mode
- Polarized model available to prevent the beam from proxing off shiny objects
- Coaxial optics available for clear objects and precision
Diffuse Mode
Diffuse-mode sensors contain the emitter and receiver in the same housing but do not use a reflector. Instead, they detect an object when emitted light is reflected off a target and back to the sensor. With a diffuse-mode sensor, the object is detected when it "makes" the beam; that is, the object reflects the transmitted light energy back to the sensor. They are significantly affected by the reflectivity of the target objects, which can drastically shorten their range. These sensors should not be used in applications with very small parts that need to be detected, in parts-counting applications, or where a reflective background is close to the object to be sensed. Diffuse-mode sensors are very convenient and are often used when opposed or retroreflective-mode sensors aren't practical.
- Low installation effort
- Does not require a reflector
Adjustable-Field
The high excess gain of the adjustable-field Q2X allows it to reliably detect dark wafers. The tight minimum object separation can trigger the machine to move the next wafer into position as soon as the previous one is out of the way. And the small form factor easily fits into the machine without getting in the way.
- Simplify installation with fewer components and less wiring; no retro target or receiver required
- Ignore objects in the background with an adjustable cutoff distance between 18 mm and 150 mm
- Detect dark and challenging targets using powerful emitters with high excess gain
- Detect precise features with the small, bright-red LED or Class 1 laser emitter
- Avoid crosstalk when mounting multiple sensors in close proximity due to the advanced crosstalk immunity algorithm
Background Suppression
Background-suppression (BGS) sensors are a diffuse-type sensor with a defined limit to their sensing range, ignoring any objects that lie beyond that range. There are two types of background-suppression sensors: fixed-field and adjustable-field. Both types use triangulation to determine the cutoff distance which allows the sensor to ignore anything beyond that point. The available excess gain inside the fixed sensing field is usually high, allowing sensing of less-reflective surfaces. A background-suppression sensor can often detect a dark target on a white background, as long as the background is past the sensor’s cutoff.
- Detects objects out to a set sensing distance
- Ignores background objects
- Very low color sensitivity
Excess Gain
Excess gain is a measurement of the amount of light energy that the receiver element detects. A sensor needs an excess gain of one to cause the sensor's output to switch "on" or "off." However, contaminants in the sensing environment such as dirt, dust, smoke, and moisture can cause signal attenuation, so more excess gain will be required to receive a valid signal. Excess gain may be seen as the extra sensing energy available to overcome that attenuation.
An excess gain chart shows how much light energy is available at a given distance. The dirtier the environment, the more excess gain will be needed to overcome it. The graphs are logarithmic, which allows for a concise overview of data that varies by several orders of magnitude. Each minor tick increases by a factor of 1, and each major tick increases by a factor of 10. For example, starting at the origin and moving up the Y-axis, the graph's ticks represent 1, 2, 3, etc. Once the tick gets to 10, the ticks represent 10, 20, 30, etc. When the tick gets to 100, then the ticks represent 100, 200, 300, and so on.
Photoelectric sensors are available with a variety of sensing beams including visible LEDs, infrared LEDs, long wavelength infrared LEDs, and lasers, each of which has its benefits. Because applications are rarely the same, the choice of beam type and pattern will vary from one to the next. Banner offers an extensive line of photoelectric sensors to solve even the most challenging sensing requirements.
Visible LEDs
Visible LEDs help in the alignment and setup of a sensor, since the visible beam will provide a spot on the target. Red is the most common color for photoelectric sensors, because red diodes are inexpensive to make and the photodetectors in receivers are very sensitive to red light.
Materials will act differently to different wavelengths of light. A certain material may absorb one wavelength of light while reflecting another, or the contrast between two colors is low. In these cases, trying a different color LED, such as blue, can be a simple solution to the problem.
Infrared LEDs
Infrared (IR) LEDs are invisible to the human eye but are very efficient at producing light. This efficiency can help IR sensors see farther than visible LEDs. However, because the beam is invisible, it can make alignment more difficult.
Long-Wavelength Infrared LEDs
Typically, photoelectric sensors cannot see water because it is transparent to light in the visible spectrum. Fortunately, water efficiently absorbs the specific wavelength of 1450 nm, allowing for detection. Certain Banner sensors utilize long-wavelength infrared (LIR) LEDs operating at 1450 nm to detect liquids that contain water, while ignoring (burning through) clear or opaque containers.
Laser
Many Banner sensors use lasers for their emitted beams. Lasers use a small beam spot, delivering higher precision that is ideal for detecting very small objects or features. This beam remains very tight even over great distances, delivering precision detection at longer range.
Beam Pattern
The beam pattern represents the boundary within which the sensor will respond to a target. In opposed mode, the receiver can be anywhere within this pattern and will detect light from the emitter. In retroreflective mode, the beam pattern is dependent on the reflector being used. A smaller reflector will reflect less light, which results in a shorter range and a more narrow beam pattern. In diffuse mode, the target must be within the beam pattern to be detected. In diffuse mode, the beam pattern is created using a 90% white card, so different-colored targets will affect the beam pattern.
Sensors also have an effective beam, which is the “working” part of the light beam stretching from the emitter to the receiver. An object is detected when it breaks the effective beam. In opposed mode, the effective beam is established between the emitter and receiver. In retroreflective mode, because the emitter and receiver are housed in a single unit, the effective beam is established between the emitter, reflector, and receiver.
Photoelectric Applications
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Accurate Positioning in Medical & Scientific Laboratories
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Dark Wafer Presence Detection
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Streamline Labeling Process with a Fixed-Field Sensor
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Preventing Jams in Airport Baggage Retrieval Systems
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Status Indication on Airport Conveyor
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Positioning Pallets for Unloading by Robot Arms
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Guidage lumineux des chariots élévateurs
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Jam Detection on a Conveyor with Only AC Power
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Détection fiable de bouteilles en plastique transparent sur un convoyeur
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Solution de guidage de l'opérateur
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Pose d'étiquettes à manchon rétractable à une cadence élevée [Exemple de réussite]
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Détection de bouteilles jaunes par un capteur à LED bleue [Exemple de réussite]
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Détection du niveau de remplissage des flacons
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Hauteur d'empilage des étuis en carton
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Mesure de niveau
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Surveillance des niveaux de barquettes en plastique sur une désempileuse
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Vérification de niveau de remplissage sans contact
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Détection d'une déformation d'une planche avec un capteur QS30
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Vérification des étiquettes des bouteilles
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Comptage des emballages en carton
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Impression de code de lot/date déclenchée par la détection d'un carton
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Tri de couleurs
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Détection d'un blocage sur le convoyeur
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Comptage des circuits intégrés
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Comptage des cartes mémoire
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Convoyeur extensible
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Vérification du niveau de remplissage des bouteilles d'eau
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Déclenchement d'inspection lors de l'impression
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Détection de boîtes de jus
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Détection d'une fuite de liquide à l'aide d'un détecteur QS18
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Load Station Pallet Detection
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Tri du courrier par taille
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Détection de flacons de médicaments avant remplissage
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Surveillance de film transparent dans une thermoscelleuse
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Objets sur un convoyeur
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Évitement de collisions de colis
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Détection de pièces dans un bol vibrant
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Position de bacs dans un multishuttle
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Station d'admission automatique d'un système de tri
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Détection de la hauteur d'une pile de pièces métalliques
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Détection de barquettes en plastique noir à un poste de distribution et remplissage
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Inspection des bouchons des bouteilles
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Inspection de capsules dans des espaces confinés
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Vérification de l'orientation des bouchons
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Détection de pièces noires sur des panneaux de porte noirs
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Détection des bouchons de flacons de différentes couleurs
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Détection de petits pains réfrigérés sur un convoyeur multivoie
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Détection de l'orientation des bouchons
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Contrôle qualité des puces électroniques déposées dans les pochettes d'une bande alvéolée
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Détection des rabats sur les plats surgelés emballés
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Vérification de positionnement des pièces
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Détection de rondelles de caoutchouc sur un bloc moteur
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Détection de trou fileté
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Suivi des flacons dans un laboratoire clinique automatisé
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Cibles transparentes et réfléchissantes
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Détection de bouteilles renversées sur une ligne d'embouteillage haute vitesse
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Comptage de barquettes en plastique transparent sur un convoyeur
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Détection de bocaux en verre transparent dans la zone de lavage des contenants de produits alimentaires
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Comptage d'anneaux réfléchissants
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Cibles sombres et peu contrastées
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Détection d'emballages réfléchissants sur un convoyeur
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Détection des bouteilles en PET pour réguler le flux des produits
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Capteurs aseptiques pour la détection de flacons en verre dans un environnement exposé aux produits chimiques corrosifs
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Accumulation en file indienne sur une seule aligneuse
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Détection de liquides transparents dans des conditionnements transparents
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Détection de caractéristiques longue portée
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Solutions pour ensacheuse verticale
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Manutention des bagages
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Comptage de seringues à l'aide de la suppression d’arrière-plan
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Détection de boîtes de différentes tailles sur un convoyeur
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Détection de panneaux en verre
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Détection d'éléments sur un convoyeur alimenté en courant alternatif
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Détection de moteurs
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Contrôle du flux de cannettes de soda
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Détection de colle sur les circuits imprimés lors de leur assemblage
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Contrôle qualité de proximité sur la chaîne de montage
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Détection des joints toriques noirs
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Détection de disques durs
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Contrôle de l'absence de pralines sur une ligne de conditionnement
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Détection de la présence d'une étiquette
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Inspection de boîtes à l'aide de détecteurs laser en mode diffus
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Contrôle des pièces sur le rail d'un distributeur
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Vérification des tôles sur une presse à emboutir
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Comptage précis des flacons transparents dans le secteur pharmaceutique
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Détection d'emballages alimentaires en plastique transparent dans un environnement soumis à des conditions d'hygiène strictes
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Détection de barquettes transparentes à un poste de distribution et remplissage
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Détection et indication de la présence d'une bouteille renversée
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Contrôle de la pression de la ligne de barquettes alimentaires transparentes au niveau de la désempileuse
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Détection des bouteilles en verre ou en plastique PET transparent dans les environnements Washdown
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Détection de bouteilles transparentes dans un environnement washdown
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Packaging Frozen Dinners on a Cartoner
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Indication de blocage de la glissière
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Car-wash
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Détection de position de véhicules dans un car-wash automatique présentant des conditions extrêmes
Resources
The latest Photoelectric Sensors Solutions brochure explores the many different types of Banner sensors and how to choose the right one for your application, whether it be object counting, quality control, object presence or absence, or other automation need.